The "Missing:"s below indicate that an entry is incomplete.
{ ... } | block (grouping statements, especially when statements are not expressions) |
/* ... */ | commenting (non nestable) |
# | commenting (until end of line) |
// | commenting (until end of line) |
< > <= >= | comparison |
strcmp | comparison (returns 3 values (i.e. inferior, equal or superior)) |
/** ... */ (1) | documentation comment (non nestable) |
== === != !== (12) | equality / inequality (shallow) |
( ... ) | grouping expressions |
__LINE__ __FILE__ | information about the current line and file |
eval | runtime evaluation |
case-sensitive: variables case-insensitive: keywords, functions, constants... | tokens (case-sensitivity (keywords, variable identifiers...)) |
[_a-zA-Z][_a-zA-Z0-9]* | tokens (variable identifier regexp) |
= | variable assignment or declaration (assignment) |
Missing:
tokens (if case sensitive, what is the standard way for scrunching together multiple words)
breaking lines (useful when end-of-line and/or indentation has a special meaning)
comparison (min / max (binary or more))
force garbage collection
create_function(',','...') | anonymous function |
f(a,b,...) | function call |
return | function return value (breaks the control flow) |
Missing:
function call (with no parameter)
function definition
function called when a function is not defined (in dynamic languages)
runtime inspecting the caller information
continue / break | breaking control flow (continue / break) |
return | breaking control flow (returning a value) |
if (c) b | if_then |
if (c): b endif | if_then |
if (c) b1 elseif (c2) b2 else b3 | if_then_else |
if (c): b1 elseif (c2): b2 else: b3 endif | if_then_else |
c ? b1 : b2 | if_then_else |
for | loop (for "a la C" (while + initialisation)) |
while (cond) expr | loop (while condition do something) |
switch (val) { case v1: expr1; break; case v2: case v3: expr23; break; default: expr_else; } | multiple selection (switch) |
; | sequence |
Missing:
loop (forever loop)
loop (do something until condition)
loop (for each value in a numeric range, 1 increment (see also the entries about ranges))
loop (for each value in a numeric range, 1 decrement)
loop (for each value in a numeric range, free increment)
breaking control flow (goto (unconditional jump))
exception (throwing)
exception (catching)
(t) e | cast (upcast) |
class | class declaration |
this | current instance |
object->method(para) | method invocation |
get_class_methods | methods available |
o2 = o (44) | object cloning |
new | object creation |
is_a | testing class membership |
Missing:
method invocation (with no parameter)
manually call an object's destructor
get the type/class corresponding to an object/instance/value
inheritance
has the method
accessing parent method
Missing:
package scope
declare
import
s[n] | accessing n-th character |
chr | ascii to character |
ord | character to ascii |
str_repeat | duplicate n times |
substr | extract a substring |
simple print (on strings) | |
echo | simple print (on strings) |
printf | simple print (printf-like) |
sprintf | sprintf-like |
. | string concatenation |
strlen | string size |
'...' | strings (verbatim) |
"... $v ..." | strings (with interpolation) |
<<<MARK ... $v ... MARK | strings (with interpolation) |
strtoupper / strtolower | uppercase / lowercase / capitalized string |
Missing:
character "z"
strings (end-of-line (without writing the real CR or LF character))
multi-line
convert something to a string (see also string interpolation)
serialize (marshaling)
unserialize (un-marshaling)
string equality & inequality
upper / lower case character
locate a substring
locate a substring (starting at the end)
false / 0 / "" | false value |
! | logical not |
|| / && | logical or / and (short circuit) |
or / and | logical or / and (short circuit) |
true / anything not false | true value |
true | true value |
array_unshift | adding an element at the beginning (list cons) (side-effect) |
array_push | adding an element at the end (side-effect) |
foreach | for each element do something |
array_shift | get the first element and remove it |
array_pop | get the last element and remove it |
in_array | is an element in the list |
foreach($l as $i => $v) | iterate with index |
join | join a list of strings in a string using a glue string |
array_merge | list concatenation |
count | list size |
a[i] | list/array indexing |
array_unique | remove duplicates |
array_reverse | reverse |
sort | sort |
array_map | transform a list (or bag) in another one |
Missing:
list flattening
list constructor
adding an element at index
first element
all but the first element
last element
smallest / biggest element
h[k] | dictionary (access: read/write) |
array( a => b, c => d ) | dictionary (constructor) |
array_keys | dictionary (list of keys) |
array_values | dictionary (list of values) |
range | range (inclusive .. inclusive) |
Missing:
tuple constructor
computable tuple (these are a kind of immutable lists playing a special role in parameter passing) (empty tuple)
computable tuple (these are a kind of immutable lists playing a special role in parameter passing) (1-uple)
computable tuple (these are a kind of immutable lists playing a special role in parameter passing) (using a tuple for a function call)
reference (pointer) (creation)
reference (pointer) (dereference)
optional value (null value)
optional value (value)
record selector
dictionary (has the key ?)
dictionary (remove by key)
pow | exponentiation (power) |
log / log10 | logarithm |
% | modulo (modulo of -3 / 2 is -1) |
sqrt / exp / abs | square root / e-exponential / absolute value |
sin / cos / tan | trigonometry (basic) |
/ round / floor / ceil | truncate / round / floor / ceil |
Missing:
numbers syntax (integers)
numbers syntax (integers in base 2, octal and hexadecimal)
numbers syntax (integer thousand-seperator)
numbers syntax (decimals)
addition / subtraction / multiplication / division
negation
random (random number)
random (seed the pseudo random generator)
operator priorities and associativities
trigonometry (inverse)
bitwise operators